Endothelial cells line the inside of every blood vessel in the body. They form a one-cell-thick layer called the endothelium, which is also found on the inner walls of the heart chambers and lymphatic vessels, which carry excess blood plasma around the body. The endothelium is very extensive. If all the endothelium tissue in an adult body were to be spread out, it would take up the area of eight tennis courts.

In the larger vessels, such as the veins and arteries, the endothelium forms the blood vessel wall along with much thicker layers of muscle cells and elastic fibres. In the capillaries, however, the endothelium makes up the entirety of the blood vessel wall.[1]

Endothelial cells control vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesising and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines and reactive oxygen species.[2]

Endothelial cells form a monolayer, which lines blood vessels. They are crucially involved in maintaining blood fluidity and providing controlled vascular haemostasis at sites of injury. Thereby endothelial cells facilitate multiple mechanisms, including both pro-coagulant and anticoagulant, which must be kept in balance. Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells constitute a non-adhesive surface preventing activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade.[3]

In a study entitled The impact of wavelengths of LED light-therapy on endothelial cells, it was stated that: “The effects of LED light of different wavelengths on endothelial cells placed on an extracellular matrix were tested using the Matrigel assay. … cells in the LED-stimulated groups showed increased cell elongation indicating enhanced activity to form cell-cell interactions. In summary, LLLT [low-level light therapy] by red…LED light increased migration and proliferation of endothelial cells consistently in several independent models.”[4]

From the above, it can be assumed that using a Photizo LED red and infrared light therapy device will assist in maintaining healthy endothelial cells.

[1] https://study.com/academy/lesson/endothelial-cells-function-lesson-quiz.html

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK57149/

[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014399/

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5587748/

[1] https://study.com/academy/lesson/endothelial-cells-function-lesson-quiz.html

[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK57149/

[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34014399/

[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5587748/